Reflection can be estimated by reflection coefficient, which is the ratio of reflected wave voltage (current) to incident wave voltage (current). Reflection coefficient has a magnitude and phase and can be represented by complex numbers. Another parameter for reflection is voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR). VSWR is defined from the magnitude of reflection coefficient and, therefore, does not have a phase. Return loss compares the power in the reflected wave with that in the forward wave. The unit for return loss is decibel. Return loss can be calculated from VSWR and vice-versa.

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